what's type 2 diabetes mellitus Type 2 diabetes mellitus: causes, symptoms and treatment
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that arises when the body is not capable of using insulin effectively to control blood sugar levels. This results in high blood sugar levels, which can lead to various complications in the long run. Causes: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by a combination of lifestyle, genetic and environmental factors. Some of the common risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus include: - Being overweight or obese - Sedentary lifestyle - Family history of diabetes - Age over 45 - High blood pressure - High cholesterol levels - History of gestational diabetes - Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Symptoms: The symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus can be subtle and develop gradually over time. Some common symptoms include: - Increased thirst and hunger - Frequent urination - Fatigue - Blurred vision - Slow healing of wounds and cuts - Tingling or numbness in hands or feet Treatment: The treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus involves managing blood sugar levels with the help of medication, lifestyle changes, and diet modification. Some of the common medications used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus include: - Metformin - Sulfonylureas - Meglitinides - DPP-4 inhibitors - GLP-1 receptor agonists - SGLT2 inhibitors Along with medication, lifestyle changes play an important role in effectively managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Some of the lifestyle changes that can be made include: - Regular physical activity - Maintaining a healthy weight - Quitting smoking - Monitoring blood sugar levels regularly Diet modification is also key in effectively managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Some of the dietary changes that can be made include: - Eating a healthy and balanced diet that is rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean proteins - Reducing intake of foods that are high in sugar, fat, and salt - Limiting alcohol consumption In conclusion, type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that can be effectively managed with the right combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and diet modification. It is important to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus and seek help from a healthcare professional if any symptoms arise. With the right treatment and management, people with type 2 diabetes mellitus can lead healthy and fulfilling lives.
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